cognitive discrepancy theory of loneliness

His seminal work, Human Cognitive Abilities (1993) provided the groundwork for what the scholars eventually agreed would be called CHC Theory.

Loneliness is the state of distress or discomfort that results when one perceives a gap between one's desires for social connection and actual experiences of it.

1. According to Festinger, cognitive dissonance occurs when people's thoughts and feelings are inconsistent with their behavior, which results in an uncomfortable, disharmonious feeling.

Reflecting the complex relationship between disability and loneliness, the article takes into account the mediating and moderating effects of the social environment and cognitive impairment. Loneliness is a prominent social phenomenon with transdiagnostic implications for mental health (Heinrich & Gullone, 2006). Using PRISMA guidelines, our review evaluated exposure to or experiences of loneliness by adults (aged 16+) in any setting as outcomes, processes, or both. According to the Cacioppo Evolutionary Theory of Loneliness, loneliness sets off behavioral and biological processes that can lead to premature death in people.

Do so self-discrepancy theory postulates two cognitive dimen- sions underlying. The 40-year period from 1960 to 1999 showed an increase in scientific work on loneliness, with a search for the term "loneliness" in Web of Science yielding an average of 34.90 articles/year (see Fig.

Adherents of the cognitive perspective argue that our perceptions of the importance of certain types of relationships and our self-perceptions may be variables that mediate the experience of loneliness. Reflecting the complex relationship between disability and loneliness, the article takes into account the mediating and moderating effects of the social environment and cognitive impairment.

), Loneliness A Sourcebook of Current Theory, Research and Therapy (pp. interaction (loneliness).

•John Carroll analyzed decades of human cognitive abilities research and came up with a three-stratum theory of cognitive development.

Loneliness was associated with higher rates of depression, anxiety, and suicide.


This systematic, narrative review evaluated associations between social media use and the internalizing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and loneliness among 12-18-year . Also, little social activity and being alone most of the time may contribute to a decline in the ability to perform everyday tasks such as driving, paying bills, taking medicine, and cooking. characterized loneliness as any sort of relational deficit.

Doctor of Philosophy (Counseling Psychology), August 2010, 68 pp., 3 tables, 4 figures, references, 79 titles. 1-18). People who report loneliness or social isolation experience more activity in the default mode network, perhaps reflecting greater . This is known as the cognitive discrepancy model of loneliness. isolation (social loneliness for short) respectively.

Self-discrepancy theory is an important concept that explains how. (1995), the feeling of loneliness results from a mismatch between one's actual and desired quality or quantity of social contact or . When their relationships are perceived to fall short, it is argued they will experience loneliness. The theory is extended by demonstrating the impact of the environment on loneliness. There is not a complete picture of exactly how all these factors come together but .
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Poor Health ± Cognitive Discrepancy Theory suggests …poor health will have a negative influence on social participation and social resources, and these factors will mediate between health and loneliness.´19 a.

When there is an inconsistency between attitudes or behaviors (dissonance), something must change to eliminate the . In contrast, a social needs model proposes that loneliness arises from actual deficits in social contact.

Cognitive dis-crepancy theory suggests that loneliness is a subjective, unpleasant, and distressing phenomenon stemming from a discrepancy between individuals desired and achieved levels of social relations. framework then came to be known as Gf-Gc theory.

The growing prominence of social media use among teenagers has prompted researchers in psychology and communication science to consider connections between social media activities and youths' development and well-being.

loneliness as a consequence of war-related trauma, loss, and marginalized cultural values in their host country.

Loneliness Matters for Mental Health and Cognitive Functioning. Cognitive discrepancy theory suggests that loneliness is a subjective, unpleasant, and distressing phenomenon stemming from a discrepancy between individuals' desired and achieved levels of social relations.

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Perlman and Peplau (1998) developed a discrepancy model of loneliness, which is outlined in Figure 1. In L. A. Peplau, & D. Perlman (Eds. This study This article draws on cognitive discrepancy theory to hypothesize a pathway from disability to loneliness in later life. Social support is a potential mechanism through which loneliness influences health. We draw on cognitive discrepancy theory to hypothesize and test a pathway from poor health to loneliness in later life. The Campaign to End Loneliness Measurement Tool • Cognitive discrepancy - "mismatch" • Overall score of 0 - 12 Strengths • Positive language about a tricky issue • Practical resource for organisations • Co-designed with 50+ people & services • Validated against academic scale Limitations • Newness - not widely tested Women tend to experience loneliness as a result of social isolation; men from emotional isolation. Predisposing factors include cultural norms as well as precipitating events such as chronic conditions and widowhood, which . According to the cognitive discrepancy model, feelings of loneliness arise when there is a mismatch between what individuals want, need, or desire on the one hand, and their actual social relations on the other hand. Our initial review included any qualitative or mixed-methods study, published or unpublished, in English, from 1945 to 2018, if it . REUTERS/Mike Blake A study Donovan conducted that looked at 79 community-dwelling older adults found that those who had higher levels of a protein called amyloid also reported a lack of companionship, as well as more frequent feelings of isolation. Piaget's theory is treated in greater detail below in the sections on cognitive. Festinger's (1957) cognitive dissonance theory suggests that we have an inner drive to hold all our attitudes and behavior in harmony and avoid disharmony (or dissonance). Objectives. Here, it is stated that people perceive themselves to be lonely. with dementia, where loneliness can cause cognitive decline, while dementia can lead to people becoming lonely. Curtona's (1982) report of the results of the UCLA New Student Survey provide support for this view. Cacioppo JT and Cacioppo S. Loneliness in the modern age: an evolutionary theory of loneliness (ETL). Cognitive process theories.

Loneliness is a subjective, unwelcome feeling of lack or loss of companionship, which happens when there is a mismatch between the quantity and quality of the social relationships that we have, and those that we want (Perlman and Peplau, 1981). Peplau and Perlman (1982) took this definition a step further, arguing for what they called a "cognitive discrepancy model" of loneliness. According to cognitive discrepancy theory, Archibald et al.

Loneliness arises from a mismatch between actual and expected quality and frequency of social interaction, with . The Evolutionary Theory of Loneliness (ETL) predicts that a lack of social connectedness has long-term mental and physical health consequences.

Intimate loneliness, or what Weiss (1973) termed emotional loneliness, refers to the perceived absence of a significant someone (e.g., a spouse), that is, a person one can rely on for emotional support during crises, who provides mutual assistance, and who affirms one's value as a person.

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The results provide further credence to cognitive discrepancy theory, suggesting that depressive symptoms influence cognitive processes, interfering with judgments about the adequacy of social interaction. 11 Adolescent Loneliness, Self-Reflection, and Identity: From Individual Differences to Developmental Processes 225 LUC GOOSSENS AND ALFONS MARCOEN 12 The Uses of Loneliness in Adolescence 244 REED W. LARSON 13 Social Self-Discrepancy Theory and Loneliness During Childhood and Adolescence 263 JANIS B. KUPERSMIDT, KATHY B. SIGDA, CONSTANTINE

In this cognitive discrepancy theory of loneliness, cognition - how we get knowledge .

Loneliness is but one of a myriad of contributing factors to the development and maintenance of these disorders, however, the possibility of being able to intervene at a point that is known to play a role in the development of mental health and neurodegenerative disorders (i.e., loneliness), using an established and well-validated method of . Perceived social isolation (PSI) leads to depression, cognitive decline, and Whereas past work have focused on the effect of loneliness on prosocial behaviors, the present research addressed the gap by exploring the effect of loneliness on empathy.

This is known as the principle of cognitive consistency.

Cognitive discrepancy theory suggests that loneliness is a subjective, unpleasant, and distressing phenomenon stemming from a discrepancy between individuals' desired and achieved levels of social relations (Perlman & Peplau, 1981).

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