social comparison psychology

Social comparison theory, initially proposed by social psychologist Leon Festinger in 1954, centers on the belief that there is a drive within individuals to gain accurate self-evaluations. In Relative deprivation and social comparison: The Ontario Symposium, Vol.

The present study investigated the effects of three types of social comparisons in teachers (downward, horizontal, upward) as moderated by years of teaching experience on burnout, job satisfaction, intentions to quit, discrete teaching-related emotions, and illness symptoms. His work has changed the way we understand attitude formation and social thinking. We propose a new model that distinguishes between individual and situational factors that increase social comparison and thus lead to a range of competitive attitudes and behavior. Social comparison theory has been applied to many theoretical concepts within psychology since 1954.

Festinger's social comparison theory proposed that people who compare themselves with those who are similar to them typically produce accurate appraisals of their capabilities and beliefs.

Social Comparison Social comparison theory was first proposed in 1954 by psychologist Leon Festinger and suggested that people have an innate drive to evaluate themselves, often in comparison to others.

If you've ever read about the theory of cognitive dissonance, you might have heard Festinger's name before. Psychological Bulletin, 90, 245-271. 95--116. Social comparison is thus a critical psychological phenomenon essential to understanding both social behavior and formation of identity. For example, comparing the writing ability of two people in the same age group is more sensible than comparing the writing ability of an adult to a child. Social comparison, a pervasive aspect of daily life, consists in comparing oneself to others in order to evaluate or enhance some aspect of the self. For example, with the normative style, social comparison increases awareness of certain salient norms (e.g., beauty standard, correctness of opinion). p. 21).

Social comparison bukanlah merupakan sesuatu yang langka ditemukan di sekitar lingkungan kita.

Comparison processes in relative deprivation: A life-span analysis. social class, family, football team etc.) RCT's major claim was that conflict between groups exists when there is direct competition .

Psychology vs Social Psychology Psychology and Social Psychology are two fields between which certain differences can be observed. Study 1 examined induced mood and dispositional self-esteem as determinants of affective responses to upward and downward comparisons. Tajfel (1979) proposed that the groups (e.g. psychology. Over 100 journal articles on social comparison have appeared since 1982, which is almost three times the number published in the theory's first 12 years (Radloff& Bard, 1966). Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 4, 1 (1978 . 2.2 - Social Comparisons.

The results further showed significant interactions between upward comparisons and teaching experience on job .

In this essay we are asked to look at Festingers social comparison theory and its findings, applications, methodologies and theoretical approaches since its birth. Implications for the concept, measurement, and theory of social comparison are discussed. "If you think about it, we really couldn't evaluate ourselves without some form of comparison," says Blanton.

13-09-2021. Consequently, social comparison theory is increasingly becoming recognized as a fruitful framework for illuminating health related issues.

(2001).

The theory of social comparison (1954) was initially proposed by the social psychologist Leon Festinger, and states that people we evaluate our own opinions, capacities and abilities by comparing them with those of others. Social comparison exists in two types. Social Comparison History and Background. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 302-318. The Handbook of Theories of Social Psychology is an essential resource for researchers and students of social psychology and related disciplines. It's a boost to our ego and our mood.

Social comparison bias can occur in people's everyday life. Social comparison is the process of evaluating oneself using comparisons to others. IV. Social comparison—the tendency to self-evaluate by comparing ourselves to others—is an important source of competitive behavior. To measure upward and downward comparisons on social media, we used the Scale for Social Comparison Orientation, and for self-esteem we utilized the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. 1  People make all kinds of judgments about themselves, and one of the key ways that we do this is through social comparison, or analyzing the self in .

In comparison to the sociologist, the social psychologist. Social Comparison: An Unavoidable Upward or Downward Spiral.

a. is more likely to study the social causes of behavior.

* Knowledge of Performance Knowledge of performance is the process of evaluating your performance irrespective of results.

Chapter 4: Attraction/Relationships.

This study focused on the effect of employee's social comparison orientation on job performance, and investigated 255 employees from enterprises and institutions in Hebei, Guangdong and some other provinces. So it's not necessarily the website that's causing those negative emotions, but the comparisons we make in our heads as . Social comparison refers to the processes by which individuals evaluate their own abilities, opinions, attitudes, feelings, physical features, accomplishments, or any other self-aspect in relation .

Downward comparison principles in social psychology. Business Horizons 53: 59-68. Alicia Nortje, Ph.D. 4.

Leon Festinger contributed some of the most important theories to social psychology. We are asked to illustrate our understandings with reference to literature.

Moreover, social comparison processes are central to other prominent the- ories in social psychology, including relative deprivation (Mas- A Theory of Social Comparison Processes, Retrieved September 12, 2007, from hum.sagepub.com database A Theory of Social Comparison Processes Leon Festinger∗ In this paper we shall present a further development of a previously published theory concerning opinion influence processes in social groups (7).

Social Comparison Theory: #N# <h2>What Is Social Comparison Theory?</h2>#N# <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden">#N . European Journal of Social Psychology 31: 557-578.

Social comparison takes place when individuals compare themselves with others on abilities and personal characteristics.

Nonetheless, in presenting his theory, Festinger (1954) described the process of social comparison without taking into account the temporal dimension.

Social comparison activity is one of the most important spheres of human functioning; it is necessary for appraising where one stands within his or her community and for establishing viable routes for connecting with others. Independent Variable: Social Comparison Orientation. Social comparison choices in the classroom: further evidence for students' upward comparison tendency and its beneficial impact on performance.

The . Social comparison theory was first proposed in 1954 by psychologist Leon Festinger and suggested that people have an innate drive to evaluate themselves, often in comparison to others. 2 of 5 sets.

Social comparison can be inspiring if we focus on the aspects of others within our control, like the kind of job we take or how hard we work, but not if we focus on the things we can't change, like height or body shape.

However, in the three decades since the publication of this work, social comparison theory has evolved in several ways. From: Encyclopedia of Body Image and Human Appearance, 2012. Social comparison and affiliation under threat: Effects on recovery from major surgery. Earlier research also

In this module, we will take a closer look at the reasons we make social comparisons and the consequences of the social comparison process.

European Journal of Social Psychology 31: 557-578.

d. relies more heavily on correlational research. Wills, T.A.

This is a common and innate process that spans cultures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. Social identity is a person's sense of who they are based on their group membership (s). It also seems that this is especially true in situations of uncertainty, in .

Social comparison theory assumes that people tend to .

64 (5): 708-722.

1978. University of Toledo.

The challenges and opportunities of Social Media.

Social comparison is a bi-directional phenomenon where we can compare ourselves to people who are better than us—" upward comparisons "—or worse than us—" downward comparisons .".

Personality psychology mainly focuses upon intrapersonal factors, while social personality mainly focuses upon interpersonal factors..

For almost 30 years, social comparison theory has held the dubious distinction of being social psychology's "second favor-ite theory" (Arrowood, 1978).

A still expanding literature is exploring the role of social comparisons with respect to coping with a wide range of health problems, including cancer, physical decline among the aged, rheumatoid arthritis .

1.1 | Social comparison Festinger (1954) conceived SCT to explain how individuals make self-evaluations regarding opinions and abilities, seeking similar others as upward comparison targets (superior others), to maintain a stable self-view (Corcoran, Crusius, & Mussweiler, 2011).

Early research in social psychology on level of aspiration and on reference groups contributed to Leon Festinger's social comparison theory, which he proposed in 1954. Online impression management: Personality traits and concerns for secondary goals as predictors of self-presentation tactics on Facebook. He is a clinical psychology doctoral candidate and was Adjunct Professor of Psychology at Azusa Pacific University from 2012 to 2015 where he taught general psychology, social psychology, and psychopathology.

Chen, P. & Garcia, S. M. (manuscript) "Yin and Yang Theory of Competition: Social Comparison and Evaluation Apprehension Reciprocally Drive Competitive Motivation." Collins, R. L. "For better or worse: The impact of upward social comparison on self-evaluations." Direction of Comparison.

This study investigates the effects of the social comparison orientation in social networking sites on psychological well-being.

The following are illustrative examples. (1981) Downward Comparison Principles in Social Psychology.

The subjects were required to fill a questionnaire including three scales. 26.

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Comparing ourselves to others when it's out of our control gives away our power. Festinger (1954) emphasized the role of uncertainty in motivating a person's interest in social comparisons, and it is Fleming's . Relative Deprivation and Social Comparison . Engaging in either of these two comparisons on a performance dimension can affect our self-evaluation. Chapter 2: Self, Culture and Social Comparisons.

I must be doing something right *Breathe out.

(2001). Social Comparison. Social psychology shares similarities with personality psychology.They both study behavior at the social and individual levels, but they approach their studies from opposite perspectives.

When psychologists think of social comparison theory, they initially recall Leon Festinger's classic paper on a theory of social comparison processes. The concept of social comparison is a well-known one in experimental social psychology. Chapter 3: Attribution/Social Beliefs and Judgements.

Downward Social Comparison.

(2010). Social comparison theory is the idea that individuals determine their own social and personal worth based on how they stack up against others.

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