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[136] In April, a new plan was approved that would reduce the bridge's cost from $51 million to $42 million so the subsidy could pay for the bridge's entire cost. [27][28], The Robert Moses Administration Building, a two-story Art Deco structure designed by Embury, served as the headquarters of the TBTA (now the MTA's Bridges and Tunnels division). [12] At the time of its completion, the Harlem River lift bridge had the largest deck of any lift bridge in the world, with a surface area of 20,000 square feet (1,900 m2). [72], In August 1929, plans for the bridge were submitted to the United States Department of War for approval to ensure that the proposed Tri-Borough Bridge would not block any maritime navigation routes. The Robert F. Kennedy Bridge, formerly known and still commonly referred to as the Triborough Bridge, is a complex of bridges and elevated expressway viaducts[2] in New York City. [146] Moses leveraged his leadership of the Authority as well as the state and city positions he also held, to expedite the project. [194][196][197] Smaller parks were also built in Astoria and Manhattan. [8][9][7] In total, the bridge contains 17.5 miles (28.2 km) of roadway, including elevated ramps. [189], The 300-by-84-foot superstructure of the Harlem River lift span was assembled in Weehawken, New Jersey. [14], The Bronx Kill span contains three main truss crossings, which are fixed spans because the Bronx Kill is not used by regular boat traffic. A direct-access ramp leads from the westbound bridge to the northbound Harlem River Drive. The bridge complex was designed by chief engineer Othmar H. Ammann and architect Aymar Embury II,[5] and has been called "not a bridge so much as a traffic machine, the largest ever built". [233] Soon after, vehicle rationing caused by the onset of World War II resulted in a decline in traffic at crossings operated by the TBA including the Triborough Bridge. [223] Another approach highway in the Bronx, the present Bruckner Boulevard, was approved in 1938. Aid; Blocks Proposals to Finish Bridge and Start Tunnel With a Federal Loan", "Bridge Before Bay Project, Urges Harvey", "Seek R.F.C. The building was renamed after Moses in 1989. In early December, the contract for the piers was reassigned to the McMullen Company. [22] Although I-278 is signed as a west-east highway, the orientation of I-278 on the bridge is closer to a north-south alignment, with the southbound roadway carrying westbound traffic, and the northbound roadway carrying eastbound traffic. [95] However, the New York City government was running out of money by that July. Lemmerman to Board for Triborongh Span", "Extends Time For Bridge; War Department Sets 1936 for Completion of Triborough Section", "Lehman Pledges Speedy Action on Triboro Bridge", "$35,000,000 Sought For City Bridge; Application to R.F.C. The proposal entailed extending the New York City Subway's BMT Astoria Line along the same route the Triborough now follows. [276][277] A vehicle without an E-ZPass has a picture taken of its license plate and a bill for the toll is mailed to its owner. [241] Both segments became part of I-278, as did the Queens and Bronx spans of the Triborough Bridge. [77], The War Department gave its approval to the Bronx Kills, East River, and Little Hell Gate spans in late April 1930, after construction was already underway on the Queens suspension span across the East River. [59] The newly elected borough president of Queens, George U. Harvey, also endorsed the bridge, as did Brooklyn Chamber of Commerce leader George Vincent McLaughlin. [183], By February 1936, the TBA had awarded contracts for paving the Bronx Kill and East River spans, as well as for constructing several administrative buildings for the TBA near the bridge. [74] The groundbreaking coincided with Black Friday, which started the Great Depression. [5] Wharton Green served as the Public Works Administration (PWA)'s resident engineer for the project. The span connects to the Harlem River Drive and the FDR Drive, as well as the intersection of Second Avenue and East 125th Street, in East Harlem, Manhattan. Eastbound traffic on I-278 accesses the island by first exiting onto the lift bridge viaduct. It connects with the FDR Drive and the Harlem River Drive in Manhattan, the Bruckner Expressway (I-278) and the Major Deegan Expressway (Interstate 87) in the Bronx, and the Grand Central Parkway (I-278) and Astoria Boulevard in Queens. [70], The bridge was ultimately planned to cost $24 million and was planned to start construction in August 1929. [105] Soon after, the RFC moved to prepare the loan for the Triborough Bridge project. [18] City comptroller Charles W. Berry had stated in February 1930 that the city was in sound financial condition, even though other large cities were nearing bankruptcy. [209] The American Institute of Steel Construction later declared the Triborough Bridge to be the most beautiful steel bridge constructed in 1936. The first phase involved renovating the Queens span and approach ramps, as well as replacing the suspender cables. [98] The first major construction contract after Moses gained control of the TBA was awarded in May 1934, for the construction of an approach highway to the Queens span. In January 1929, New York City aldermanic president Joseph V. McKee endorsed the bridge, saying there was enough funding to begin one of four proposed bridges on the expressway's route. [153][154] The bridge approach on the Bronx side was finalized, running along Southern and Eastern Boulevards,[154] with a future extension to Pelham Bay Park in the northeastern Bronx. [119] Lehman also signed bills to clear land for a bridge approach in the Bronx,[120] and he promised to resume construction of the bridge. Seven tollbooths were added, three at the Manhattan span's toll plaza and four at the Queens/Bronx spans' toll plaza, and several ramps were widened at a cost of $20 million. [122][123] The RFC ultimately agreed in August to grant $44.2 million, to be composed of a loan of $37 million, as well as a $7.2 million subsidy. [118], Shortly after the TBA bill was signed, the War Department extended its deadline for the Triborough Bridge's completion by three years, to April 28, 1936. [111] However, although the RFC favored a loan for the Triborough project,[112] the new mayor, John P. O'Brien, banned the RFC from giving loans to the city. [69] The New York state legislature later approved a bill that provided for the relocation of the Queens span's Wards Island end, 1,100 feet (340 m) to the west, thereby preserving hospital buildings from demolition. The scale of the Triborough Bridge project, including its approaches, was such that hundreds of large apartment buildings were demolished to make way for it. [173] The projected completion of the Triborough Bridge in July 1936 was expected to relieve traffic on highways in the New York City area,[174] and with the upcoming 1939 New York World's Fair being held in Queens, it would also provide a new fast route to the fairground at Flushing Meadows–Corona Park. [93], The Great Depression severely impacted the city's ability to finance the Triborough Bridge's construction. [61] By the end of the month, Walker acquiesced, and he had included both the Tri-Borough Bridge and a tunnel under the Narrows in his 10-year traffic program. [127], The city purchased land in the path of the Triborough Bridge in September 1933,[128] and construction on the Triborough Bridge resumed that November. [172], The spinning of the main span's suspension cables was finished in July 1935. [238] In 1956, the New York City Planning Commission approved the upgrade of Bruckner Boulevard between the Triborough Bridge and the Bruckner Interchange to a grade-separated expressway as part of the Interstate Highway System. [20], The lift span is 55 feet (17 m) above mean high water in the "closed" position, but can be raised to 135 feet (41 m). [52] However, the Board of Estimate did approve $150,000 for preliminary borings and soundings. [156], While reformers embraced Moses's plans to expand the parkway system, state and city officials were overwhelmed by their scale, and slow to move to provide financing for the vast system. [65][66] Separately, the Board of Estimate voted to create an authority to impose toll charges on both crossings. The span connects to Major Deegan Expressway (I-87) and the Bruckner Expressway (I-278) in Mott Haven, Bronx. [20], The movable span is 310 feet (94 m) long, and the side spans between the movable span and the approach viaducts are each 195 feet (59 m) long. [213] Traffic on the Queensboro Bridge, the only other vehicular bridge that connected Manhattan and Queens, declined after the Triborough Bridge opened. [246] The project consisted of three phases. [163] In mid-March, Ickes suddenly backed down on his ultimatum, and not only was Moses allowed to keep both of his positions, but also the PWA resumed its payments to the TBA. [3][205][217] Of this, $16 million came from the city and $9 million directly from the PWA. The Triborough Bridge is made of four segments. [18], The Harlem River span is a lift bridge that connects Manhattan with Randalls Island, designed by chief engineer Ammann. [42], The Tri-Borough Bridge project finally received funding in June 1925, when the city appropriated $50,000 for surveys, test borings and structural plans. Each tower was supposed to have two ornate arches at the top, similar to the Brooklyn Bridge, and was to have been supported by four legs: two on the outside and two in the center. [155] The Board of Estimate approved the East River Drive approach that October, while voting against the proposed West Bronx approach highway. The building was located next to the Manhattan span's plaza, to which it was connected. [242], In 1968, the Triborough Bridge received its first major renovation in its 31-year history. [269] The two sidewalks of the Bronx span are connected to one long and winding ramp at the Randalls Island end,[270] though another pedestrian bridge between Randalls Island and the neighborhood of Port Morris, Bronx, opened to the east of the Triborough Bridge in November 2015. [13] By August 1931, it was reported that the Wards Island anchorage was 33% completed, and that the corresponding anchorage on the Queens side was 15% completed. Is Raising Fares and Tolls; One Subway or Bus Ride Will Cost $2.75", "M.T.A. [200] PWA administrator Ickes's attendance was only finalized four days beforehand. The second phase involved renovating the Bronx span and approach ramps. Each cable is 20 inches (51 cm) in diameter and contains 10,800 miles (17,400 km) of individual wires. [199] Due to the previous conflicts between President Roosevelt and Robert Moses, the attendance of the former was not certain until two weeks before the ceremony. [98] By January 1934, contracts were being prepared for the completion of the suspension span and the construction of the other three spans;[129] one of these contracts included the construction of the bridge's piers. [99] With no new contracts being awarded, the chief engineer of the Department of Plant and Structures, Edward A. Byrne, warned in March 1932 that construction on the Triborough Bridge would have to be halted. [151] Further changes to the plan for the Bronx span came in July 1934: instead of being a lift bridge, as originally proposed, it was approved by the Department of War as a fixed truss span, since the Bronx Kill was not a navigable waterway. [2][3] Also part of the complex is a grade-separated T-interchange on Randalls Island, which sorted out traffic in a way that ensured that drivers paid a toll at only one bank of tollbooths. , rather than of concrete overhead gantries near where the booths were formerly located deck, it had combined... Proposal entailed extending the New Triborough bridge to Manhattan Hell Gate an arch directly underneath the deck it... Approach ramps progressed substantially added a direct ramp from westbound I-278 to 31st Street ; the former was renamed. 22 tollbooths spread across two toll plazas, where it widens designed by Arthur I. Perry ( 213 ). 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