what is the theme in orbiting jupiter

The convention has been extended to natural satellites of minor planets, such as (87) Sylvia I Romulus. A. Karpenko (in 1973). More recently, especially in science-fictional contexts, the Moon has been called by the Latin name Luna, presumably on the analogy of the Latin names of the planets, or by association with the adjectival form lunar. 92, No. It is a dwarf planet. The name of Janus was suggested by its discoverer, Audouin Dollfus. No names were proposed until Brian G. Marsden suggested a nomenclature for these satellites in 1955. After a few months or years, when a newly discovered satellite's existence has been confirmed and its orbit computed, a permanent name is chosen, which replaces the "S/" provisional designation. [13] Carl Sagan noted that the names chosen were extraordinarily obscure (a fact that Tobias Owen, chair of the Task Group, admitted was intentional in a response to Sagan[10]) and suggested his own names in 1976;[14] these preserved some of the names from the 1955 proposal. Among them are the following: The Roman numbering system for satellites arose with the very first discovery of natural satellites other than Earth's Moon: Galileo referred to the Galilean moons as I through IV (counting from Jupiter outward), refusing to adopt the names proposed by his rival Simon Marius. These designations are sometimes written like "S/2003 S1", dropping the second space. Similar numbering schemes naturally arose with the discovery of multiple moons around Saturn, Uranus, and Mars. Prior to its formation, the names of satellites have had varying histories. The twin Voyager spacecraft, launched in 1977 to travel to and explore Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, have made many intriguing discoveries, including a possible ocean of liquid water on one of Jupiter… The eight planets that orbit the sun are (in order from the sun): Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune. The other four moons are named Hydra, Nix, Kerberos, and Styx. Pluto was designated by P prior to its recategorization as a dwarf planet. in science fiction[7] and popular science articles[8]), they were still rarely if ever met in astronomical literature until the 1970s.[9]. Karpenko had noted the same in his 1981 book "The Names of the Starry Sky", along with stating that the names chosen for retrograde moons, and therefore the "e" ending, were not always the ones for which it was the more common one.[15]. It takes an enormous amount of energy to send spacecraft to the far reaches of the Solar System, so space agencies use a technique called a ‘gravity assist’ to help. 21. For completeness, moons that were left unnamed upon their official numbering have also been included. The proposals are summarized in the table below (data from Icarus unless specified otherwise[10][14]): Current practice is that newly discovered moons of Jupiter must be named after lovers or descendants of the mythological Jupiter (Zeus). The letter following the category and year identifies the planet (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune; although no occurrence of the other planets is expected, Mars and Mercury are disambiguated through the use of Hermes for the latter). However, in the past, some satellites remained unnamed for surprisingly long periods after their discovery. The Galilean moons of Jupiter (Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto) were named by Simon Marius soon after their discovery in 1610. All of Jupiter's satellites from XXXIV (Euporie) on were named for descendants of Zeus, until Jupiter LIII (Dia), named after another one of his lovers. Instead of heading straight for the target, spacecraft loop around and fly past a planet like Earth, Mars or Jupiter, using their orbital momentum as a boost. XVIIIA, 1982. In 1949, the fifth moon, Miranda, was named by its discoverer, Gerard Kuiper, after a thoroughly mortal character in Shakespeare's The Tempest. [10][11] These met no particularly enthusiastic reception. 300, pp. Unlike the planets and dwarf planets, relatively few moons orbiting asteroids have been named. Since the outer moons fall naturally into three groups, one group is named after Norse giants, one after Gallic giants, and one after Inuit giants. The name has two meanings: in mythology Dysnomia (lawlessness) is the daughter of Eris (chaos). At the IAU General Assembly in July 2004,[2] the WGPSN allowed Jovian satellites to be named for Zeus' descendants in addition to his lovers and favorites which were the previous source of names, due to the large number of new Jovian satellites that had then recently been discovered. [12], The new names met considerable protest from some quarters. The naming of moons has been the responsibility of the International Astronomical Union's committee for Planetary System Nomenclature since 1973. Blunck's scheme for the outer moons was retained, with the addition that names ending in 'o' could also be used for prograde moons. Only in a few cases is the person who chose the name identified. The following names were selected through a formal process controlled by the IAU. Ю. А. Карпенко, "Названия звёздного неба", 1981. pp. Two other proposals for naming the satellites were made between 1955 and 1975, both by Soviet astronomers, E. I. Nesterovich (in 1962) and Yu. Since then, some small moons have not received names. Until 2013, names were applied to all moons discovered, regardless of size. [17] In the 1840s, better instruments and a more favourable position of Uranus in the sky led to sporadic indications of satellites additional to Titania and Oberon. The reasoning was presumably that Uranus, as god of the sky and air, would be attended by spirits of the air. Current IAU practice for newly discovered inner moons is to continue with Herschel's system, naming them after Titans or their descendants. At the IAU General Assembly in July 2004,[2] the WGPSN suggested it may become advisable to not name small satellites, as CCD technology makes it possible to discover satellites as small as 1 km in diameter. However, the name is also an intentional reference to the actor Lucy Lawless who plays the character Xena. 8, No. Lost in Space is an American science fiction television series, created and produced by Irwin Allen, which originally aired between 1965 and 1968 on CBS. However, the increasing number of moons that were being discovered in the 21st century caused the IAU to draw up a new scheme for the outer moons. The following names were adopted by informal processes preceding the assumption by the IAU of control over the assignment of satellite nomenclature in 1973. However, a number of fanciful or mythological names for the Moon have been used in the context of astronomy (an even larger number of lunar epithets have been used in non-astronomical contexts). Prior to its formation, the names of satellites have had varying histories. In 1847 the seven then known moons of Saturn were named by John Herschel. The designation "R/" is used for planetary rings. Although the name Triton was suggested in 1880 by Camille Flammarion, it did not come into general use until the mid 20th-century, and for many years was considered "unofficial". 42–43, Astronomische Nachrichten, Vol. 2187, pp. The asteroids in the asteroid belt come in a variety of sizes. The responsibility for naming was taken by John Herschel, son of the discoverer of Uranus. Another large body is Pluto, now classified as a dwarf planet or plutoid. By the first decade of the 20th century, the names Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto had once again recovered popularity, but the later-discovered moons, numbered, usually in Roman numerals V (5) through XII (12), remained unnamed. IAUC 9041: New name/designation of satellite of Saturn (LIII), S/2008 S 1. Before the IAU assumed responsibility for astronomical nomenclature, only twenty-five satellites had been given names that were in wide use and are still used. In the 17th century, the Moon was sometimes referred to as Proserpina. When the name 'Eris' was chosen, Brown suggested Dysnomia (which until then had been referred to as Gabrielle) as a reference to this. Kuiper proposed the name Nereid in his report of the discovery, Dollfus named Janus in a report of 1 February 1967 relating to its discovery (, Transactions of the International Astronomical Union, Vol. [6] Although the 1955 names met with immediate acceptance in some quarters (e.g. The number will continue to rise as current satellite discoveries are documented and new satellites are discovered. Subsequent names, rather than continuing the "airy spirits" theme (only Puck and Mab continuing the trend), have focused on Herschel's source material. 3, pp. I probably got lucky with crosses to discover that the entry that corresponds with Jupiter at 50 ... entries solving to an orbiting moon of the given planet. The name of Eris's moon Dysnomia was suggested by its discoverer Michael E. Brown, who also suggested the name of the dwarf planet. In the astronomical literature it was simply referred to as "the satellite of Neptune". At the IAU General Assembly in July 2004,[2] the WGPSN allowed satellites of Saturn to have names of giants and monsters in mythologies other than the Greco-Roman. The name of Pluto's moon Charon was suggested by James W. Christy, its discoverer, soon after its discovery. Later, the second known moon, Nereid, was named by its discoverer in 1949, Gerard P. Kuiper, soon after its discovery. Have any spacecraft landed on an asteroid? The background for this is that during the long period when Eris had no formal name, the name 'Xena' – originally Brown's nickname for his discovery – spread and became popular. Kuiper proposed the name Miranda in his report of the discovery. [3][dubious – discuss] By a popular though unofficial convention,[citation needed] Jupiter V, discovered in 1892, was given the name Amalthea,[4] first used by the French astronomer Camille Flammarion. In the middle of the 19th century, however, the numeration became fixed, and later discoveries failed to conform with the orbital sequence scheme. Uranus has 27 known moons. Cool Cosmos is an IPAC website. The moons of Mars (Phobos and Deimos) were named by Asaph Hall in 1878, soon after he discovered them. Similarly, the fourth satellite of Pluto, Kerberos, discovered after Pluto was categorized as a dwarf planet and assigned a minor planet number, was designated S/2011 (134340) 1 rather than S/2011 P 1,[24] though the New Horizons team, who maintained that dwarf planets were planets, used the latter. Current IAU practice for newly discovered Neptunian moons is to accord with these first two choices by naming them after Greek sea deities. That committee is known today as the Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN).. While the International Astronomical Union was assigning names to all satellites from 1975 to 2013, the use of Roman numeral designations diminished, and some are very rarely used; Phobos and Deimos are rarely referred to as Mars I and Mars II, and the Moon is never referred to as "Earth I". Javascript must be enabled to use Cool Cosmos. 94-96, Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature, Timeline of discovery of Solar System planets and their natural satellites, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. The series was inspired by the 1812 novel The Swiss Family Robinson and a comic book published by Gold Key Comics titled Space Family Robinson. [18] With the confirmation of Ariel and Umbriel, Lassell numbered the moons I through IV from Uranus outward, and this finally stuck.[19]. Naming was taken by John Herschel Herschel, son of the discovery natural satellites Saturn. 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